Born Nicolas Kim Coppola on January 7, 1964, in Long Beach, California, the man who would become known worldwide as Nicolas Cage deliberately stepped away from his famous family name to forge his own path in Hollywood. As the nephew of legendary director Francis Ford Coppola, he made the conscious decision to adopt a new professional identity, drawing inspiration from Marvel Comics character Luke Cage and composer John Cage. This transformation from Nicolas Coppola to Nicolas Cage symbolizes his lifelong commitment to crafting a unique artistic identity that would transcend his family connections and establish him as one of the most distinctive and versatile actors of his generation.
Early Life and Family Background
Nicolas Kim Coppola was born into the creatively rich Coppola family. His father, August Coppola, was a comparative literature professor, while his mother, Joy Vogelsang, worked as a dancer and choreographer. This blend of academic and artistic influences would later inform his approach to acting. His paternal grandparents were composer Carmine Coppola and actress Italia Pennino, establishing a multi-generational connection to the arts.
Growing up in a Catholic family with Italian heritage on his father’s side and German and Polish ancestry on his mother’s side, young Nicolas was surrounded by creative energy. As the youngest of three sons, he grew up alongside brothers Marc “The Cope” Coppola, who became a New York radio personality, and Christopher Coppola, who pursued directing.
The Coppola family tree reads like a who’s who of Hollywood talent. Nicolas is the nephew of director Francis Ford Coppola and actress Talia Shire, and cousin to directors Roman Coppola and Sofia Coppola, film producer Gian-Carlo Coppola, and actors Robert and Jason Schwartzman. Despite these connections, Nicolas would later seek to establish his own identity separate from his famous relatives.
Education and Early Aspirations
Nicolas attended Beverly Hills High School, an institution known for producing numerous entertainment industry professionals. Though he would eventually drop out at seventeen, the school provided his first exposure to formal acting training. His passion for acting emerged early, inspired by iconic performances that left a profound impression on him.
In a revealing glimpse into his early motivations, Cage once explained, “I wanted to be James Dean. I saw him in ‘Rebel Without a Cause,’ ‘East of Eden.’ Nothing affected me—no rock song, no classical music—the way Dean affected me in ‘Eden.’ It blew my mind. I was like, ‘That’s what I want to do’.” This early fascination with Dean’s emotionally raw performances would later influence Cage’s own approach to acting.
He briefly attended UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television, further developing his craft. His first non-cinematic acting experience came in a school production of “Golden Boy,” where he began experimenting with the emotional intensity that would later become his trademark.
From Nicolas Coppola to Nicolas Cage
At age 15, Nicolas approached his uncle Francis Ford Coppola for a screen test, boldly declaring, “I’ll show you acting.” This confidence was met with “silence in the car” – understandable given that Francis had already directed legends like Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, Gene Hackman, and Robert De Niro. Despite this initial awkwardness, Nicolas would eventually appear in several of his uncle’s films.
However, the shadow of the Coppola name presented both opportunities and challenges. After his film debut in “Fast Times at Ridgemont High” (1982), where he had a minor role as a co-worker of Judge Reinhold’s character, Nicolas found the experience marred by cast members constantly quoting his uncle’s films. This experience catalyzed his decision to change his professional name.
The transformation from Nicolas Coppola to Nicolas Cage represented his determination to succeed on his own merits rather than through family connections. His chosen surname drew inspiration from two distinct sources: Marvel Comics superhero Luke Cage and avant-garde composer John Cage. This deliberate reinvention reflected his desire to forge a unique artistic identity – one that would eventually become synonymous with bold, unconventional performances.
“I changed my name because I was doing a little movie called ‘Fast Times at Ridgemont High’ and I was still Nicolas Coppola… People would not stop saying things like ‘I love the smell of Nicolas in the morning’ because of ‘Apocalypse Now,’ and Robert Duvall saying ‘I love the smell of napalm in the morning.’ It made it hard to work.”
Early Career and Breakthrough
Nicolas Cage made his acting debut in the 1981 television pilot “The Best of Times,” which was never picked up by ABC. His film career began the following year with a minor role in “Fast Times at Ridgemont High” (1982), where he had originally auditioned for Judge Reinhold’s part. These early experiences, though modest, provided valuable on-camera experience.
His first starring role came in the romantic comedy “Valley Girl” (1983), where he played a punk who falls in love with a suburban valley girl. The film, loosely inspired by “Romeo and Juliet,” became a modest box office success and later achieved cult classic status. This performance showcased Cage’s natural charisma and hinted at the intensity he would bring to future roles.
That same year, Cage appeared in his uncle’s film “Rumble Fish” (1983), based on S.E. Hinton’s novel. Though he had auditioned for the role of Dallas Winston in Francis Ford Coppola’s “The Outsiders,” he lost the part to Matt Dillon but found his place in this companion film instead.
Period Films and Critical Recognition
In 1984, Cage appeared in three period films that, while not commercial successes, helped establish his acting credentials. In “Racing with the Moon,” he starred opposite Sean Penn as friends awaiting deployment to the United States Marine Corps. In Coppola’s crime drama “The Cotton Club,” he portrayed a fictionalized version of mob hitman Vincent “Mad Dog” Coll, earning praise from critics for his effective portrayal of a violent character.
His final release of 1984, Alan Parker’s drama “Birdy,” saw him co-star with Matthew Modine. Demonstrating early commitment to physical transformation for roles, Cage lost weight and had two front teeth pulled to appear disfigured. Despite underperforming at the box office, the film received positive reviews, with critics noting Cage’s ability to capture his character’s urgency and frustration.
Collaboration with Coppola and the Coen Brothers
In 1986, Cage starred in the Canadian sports drama “The Boy in Blue” and his uncle’s fantasy comedy “Peggy Sue Got Married” as the husband to Kathleen Turner’s character. The following year brought two significant roles that would help define his early career.
In the Coen brothers’ crime comedy “Raising Arizona” (1987), Cage played H.I. McDunnough, a dim-witted ex-con who, along with his wife, kidnaps one of a set of quintuplets. His energetic, physically expressive performance showcased his willingness to embrace eccentric characters with total commitment.
That same year, Cage starred in the romantic comedy “Moonstruck” alongside Cher as a hot-tempered baker. The film was both a critical and commercial success, earning Cage a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. Roger Ebert later noted that he felt Cage’s performance was worthy of an Oscar, highlighting his growing reputation as a versatile performer.
Nouveau Shamanic: Cage’s Unique Acting Approach
One of the most fascinating aspects of Nicolas Cage’s artistic evolution is his development of what he calls “Nouveau Shamanic,” a distinctive acting style that sets him apart from his contemporaries. This approach represents a departure from traditional method acting toward something more instinctual and boundary-pushing.
Cage describes Nouveau Shamanic as a process to “augment your imagination in a healthy way… so that you can believe you’re these characters… You don’t feel like you’re acting, you feel like you’re being.” This philosophy emerged during his work on “Vampire’s Kiss” (1989), where he began moving away from method acting toward more intuitive, impulsive choices.
“In Cage’s hands, cartoonish moments are imbued with real emotion and real emotions become cartoons. Everything – from individual scenes down to single lines of dialogue – feel like they have been embraced as opportunities for creation. Cage is usually interesting even when his films are not. He is erratic and unpredictable; he is captivating and he is capricious. He is a performer. He is a troubadour. He is a jazz musician.”
The physicality of Nouveau Shamanic is evident in films like “Raising Arizona,” while “Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance” demonstrates how the method leads to impulse decisions fueled by natural energy. In one revealing anecdote, when asked if any of his pets influence his acting, Cage replied, “The cobras, definitely. They would try to hypnotize you by going side to side, and when I did ‘Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance,’ that’s something my character does before he attacks. Animals are fun places to get inspiration.”
Film director David Lynch described him as “the jazz musician of American acting,” highlighting the improvisational, in-the-moment quality of his performances. While some critics have accused Cage of overacting, others, including Cage himself, have described his intentionally extreme performances as “mega-acting” – a deliberate stylistic choice rather than a lack of restraint.
Actor Ethan Hawke stated in 2013 that Cage is “the only actor since Marlon Brando that’s actually done anything new with the art,” crediting him for taking film audiences “away from an obsession with naturalism into a kind of presentation style of acting that I imagine was popular with the old troubadours.” This assessment highlights Cage’s role as an innovator who has expanded the possibilities of screen acting.
Career Evolution and Versatility
Oscar Success and Action Star Era
After several films in the early 1990s that failed to make a significant impact, Cage earned critical acclaim with his Oscar-winning performance as a self-destructive alcoholic writer in “Leaving Las Vegas” (1995). To prepare for this demanding role, Cage binge drank for two weeks and studied footage of himself, demonstrating his commitment to authentic portrayal. The role won him both the Academy Award for Best Actor and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama.
Following this critical success, Cage pivoted to action films, beginning a new phase in his career. In 1996, he starred alongside Sean Connery and Ed Harris in Michael Bay’s “The Rock,” playing an FBI chemical weapons specialist breaking into Alcatraz federal prison. The film was both a box office and critical success, launching Cage into an unexpected vocation as an action star.
This new direction continued with “Con Air” and “Face/Off,” two commercially successful action thrillers released in June 1997. In “Con Air,” Cage led an ensemble cast alongside John Cusack and John Malkovich, while John Woo’s “Face/Off” saw him and John Travolta star in dual roles as sworn enemies who undergo face transplants to impersonate each other. Both performances were praised by critics, with the BBC noting in their review, “Travolta and Cage invest their dual roles with physical subtleties that reflect the other actor’s character.”
Blockbusters and Diverse Roles
The late 1990s and early 2000s saw Cage cement his status as a bankable action star while still taking on diverse roles. He starred in the romantic fantasy “City of Angels” (1998), a loose remake of the German film “Wings of Desire,” and Martin Scorsese’s New York City paramedic drama “Bringing Out the Dead” (1999).
His action credentials continued to grow with “Gone in 60 Seconds” (2000), where he played a retired car thief. That same year, he took the lead role in the romantic comedy “The Family Man,” which had a plot similar to the Christmas classic “It’s a Wonderful Life” (1946). In 2001, he appeared in the war film “Captain Corelli’s Mandolin,” demonstrating his versatility by learning to play the mandolin from scratch for the part.
In 2002, Cage was again nominated for Oscar and Golden Globe best actor awards for his portrayal of real-life screenwriter Charlie Kaufman and Kaufman’s fictional twin Donald in “Adaptation.” This performance showcased his ability to create two distinct characters within the same film, further cementing his reputation for range and commitment.
In 2004, Cage starred in “National Treasure” as an eccentric historian who goes on a dangerous adventure to find treasure hidden by the Founding Fathers of the United States. The film became one of his highest-grossing projects and spawned a sequel, “National Treasure: Book of Secrets” (2007). During this period, he also appeared in “Ghost Rider” (2007) and its sequel “Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance” (2011), based on the Marvel Comics character.
Career Challenges and Renaissance
Financial Difficulties and Direct-to-Video Era
Despite his success, Cage faced significant financial difficulties in the late 2000s. In 2009, the Internal Revenue Service filed documents alleging that Cage had failed to pay over $6.2 million in federal income tax for 2007, with additional liens for unpaid taxes from 2002 to 2004. These financial troubles led to a lawsuit against his business manager for alleged negligence and fraud.
During this period, Cage was reportedly worth around $150 million but engaged in lavish spending that included multiple residences, cars, artwork, and even a dinosaur skull (which he later returned upon discovering it was stolen). To address his financial obligations, Cage took on numerous roles in films that were often released direct-to-video, leading to a perception of diminished quality in his work.
However, even during this challenging period, Cage delivered notable performances in films like “Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans” (2009), directed by Werner Herzog. The film was well-received by critics, with Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune writing, “Herzog has found his ideal interpreter, a performer whose truth lies deep in the artifice of performance: ladies and gentlemen, Nicolas Cage, at his finest.”
Critical Resurgence
In recent years, Cage has experienced a critical renaissance, with performances that have reminded audiences and critics alike of his exceptional talent. In 2018, he starred in the action thriller “Mandy,” which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival to critical acclaim. Nick Allen of RogerEbert.com praised the movie, writing that “for all of the endless feral performances that Cage has given, in movies good, bad and forgettable, Cosmatos’ style-driven, ’80s-tastic passion for weird worlds and characters takes full advantage of Cage’s greatness, and then some.”
This resurgence continued with 2021’s “Pig,” where Cage plays a former chef turned reclusive truffle-forager who must return to his past in Portland in search of his beloved foraging pig after she is kidnapped. The film earned Cage some of the best reviews of his career and a nomination for the Critics’ Choice Movie Award for Best Actor.
In 2022, Cage gained further acclaim for portraying a fictionalized version of himself in the action comedy “The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent,” a meta-commentary on his career and public persona. This was followed by his portrayal of Paul, a professor who begins appearing in the dreams of others, in the 2023 film “Dream Scenario,” resulting in his fifth Golden Globe nomination.
By 2022, Cage confirmed that he had finally paid off his debts and intended to be more selective with his film roles going forward, signaling a new chapter in his storied career.
Voice Acting and Animation
Beyond his live-action performances, Nicolas Cage has established a significant presence in animation and voice acting. His distinctive vocal qualities—described as deep and husky—have made him a natural fit for animated characters that require personality and gravitas.
In 2006, he voiced a character in “The Ant Bully,” followed by a role in “Astro Boy” (2009). One of his most successful animated ventures came with “The Croods” (2013), where he voiced Grug Crood, the overprotective caveman father. The film was both a critical and commercial success, grossing $585 million against a budget of $135 million, and led to a sequel, “The Croods: A New Age” (2020).
Perhaps his most celebrated voice role came in the acclaimed animated film “Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse” (2018), where he voiced Spider-Man Noir, an alternate monochromatic 1930s universe version of Peter Parker. For this performance, Cage drew inspiration from the films of Humphrey Bogart, James Cagney, and Edward G. Robinson, creating a distinctive noir detective voice that perfectly matched the character’s visual style.
This role proved popular enough that Cage is set to reprise it in future Spider-Verse films and will headline the 2026 television series “Spider-Noir” for MGM+ and Amazon Prime Video, portraying a live-action version of Spider-Man Noir, named Ben Reilly, in an alternate 1930s New York City.
In 2018, Cage also voiced Superman in the animated film “Teen Titans Go! To the Movies,” an interesting full-circle moment given that he had originally been slated to portray Superman in Tim Burton’s canceled film, “Superman Lives,” in the 1990s.
Personal Life and Relationships
Nicolas Cage’s personal life has been as colorful and varied as his film roles. In 1988, he began dating actress Christina Fulton, with whom he has a son, Weston Coppola Cage, born in December 1990. Weston has pursued his own creative path as the vocalist of two symphonic black metal bands and has appeared in some of his father’s films, including “Lord of War” and “Rage.”
Cage’s first marriage was to actress Patricia Arquette in April 1995. Their relationship had an unusual beginning—Cage reportedly proposed to Arquette on the day they met in the early 1980s. Though initially put off by his forwardness, Arquette created a list of tasks Cage would need to complete to win her over. When he began working through the list, Arquette became uncomfortable and avoided him. They reconnected years later and eventually married, though they divorced in 2001.
His second marriage was to Lisa Marie Presley, daughter of Elvis and Priscilla Presley. Given Cage’s well-documented admiration for Elvis, whom he used as inspiration for his performance in “Wild at Heart,” this connection seemed fitting. They married in Hawaii on August 10, 2002, but filed for divorce just 107 days later on November 25, 2002. The divorce was finalized on May 24, 2004.
Cage’s third wife was Alice Kim. They married at a private ranch in northern California on July 30, 2004. Kim gave birth to their son Kal-El (named after Superman’s birth name) in October 2005. The couple divorced in January 2016 after nearly 12 years of marriage.
In March 2019, Cage married Erika Koike in Las Vegas, only to file for annulment four days later, stating he was too intoxicated to understand his own actions and that Koike failed to disclose “the full nature and extent of her relationship with another person.” He was granted a divorce from Koike three months later.
On February 16, 2021, Cage married his fifth wife, Riko Shibata. Their daughter August was born in September 2022, representing a new chapter in Cage’s family life.
Philanthropy and Humanitarian Work
Beyond his artistic contributions, Nicolas Cage has established himself as a significant philanthropic presence in Hollywood. He has been called one of the most generous stars in the industry, with substantial donations to various causes over the years.
Cage donated $2 million to Amnesty International for rehabilitation shelters, medical services, and psychological and reintegration services for children forced to fight in conflicts worldwide. He also contributed $1 million to the victims of Hurricane Katrina, demonstrating his commitment to disaster relief.
He became the first artist to support ArtWorks, an artist engagement program to raise awareness of fundamental rights at work, including freedom from slavery and child labor. This initiative aligns with his broader interest in human rights and dignity.
In recognition of his humanitarian efforts, Cage has been honored with a Humanitarian award from the United Nations and was appointed as a UN ambassador for Global Justice in 2009 and again in 2013. He led a campaign around the film “Lord of War” to raise awareness about international arms control, supported “Heal the Bay,” the United Negro College Fund efforts, and the Royal United Hospital’s Forever Friends Appeal to build intensive care units for babies.
During 2023, while filming “The Surfer” in Western Australia, Cage personally phoned in an AU$5,000 donation to the Channel Seven Perth Telethon, showing his continued commitment to giving back even while working on location.
Collecting and Interests
Nicolas Cage’s interests outside of acting reveal a man with eclectic tastes and a passion for collecting. As an avid comic book fan, he once owned a substantial collection of vintage comics, including a rare copy of Action Comics #1 featuring Superman’s first appearance. In 2002, he auctioned 400 vintage comics through Heritage Auctions for over $1.6 million.
His copy of Action Comics #1, which he purchased in 1997 for $110,000, was stolen in 2000, leading to an insurance payout. In a remarkable turn of events, the comic was recovered in 2011 in a storage locker in the San Fernando Valley and verified as Cage’s copy. He later sold it at auction for a record-breaking $2.16 million to help pay tax liens and other debts.
In 2007, Cage and his son Weston created a comic book called “Voodoo Child,” which was published by Virgin Comics, demonstrating his creative interest in the medium beyond collecting. He is also a fan and collector of painter and underground comic artist Robert Williams and has written introductions for Juxtapoz magazine.
At one point in his life, Cage developed an interest in the philosophical aspects of his nature and embarked on a quest to find the Holy Grail. This search took him to England and various areas of the United States, reflecting his willingness to pursue unusual interests with the same intensity he brings to his acting roles.
His collecting extended to real estate, with properties that included a medieval castle, Schloss Neidstein, in the Oberpfalz region of Germany (purchased in 2006 and sold in 2009), a 40-acre island in the Exuma archipelago, and “Grey Craig,” a 24,000-square-foot brick-and-stone country manor in Middletown, Rhode Island. He also owned Midford Castle in Somerset, England, reflecting his appreciation for historical architecture.
Cultural Impact and Legacy
Nicolas Cage’s impact on cinema extends far beyond his box office numbers or critical accolades. His willingness to take risks, embrace eccentric characters, and develop a unique acting style has influenced a generation of performers and directors. His approach to acting—what he calls “Nouveau Shamanic”—represents a distinctive contribution to the craft, one that has expanded the possibilities of screen performance.
For his contributions to the film industry, Cage was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1998 with a motion pictures star located at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 2001, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts by California State University, Fullerton, and spoke at the commencement ceremony.
Beyond formal recognition, Cage has developed a significant cult following, with fans appreciating both his critically acclaimed performances and his more unusual role choices. His work has been the subject of numerous internet memes, particularly scenes from films like “Vampire’s Kiss,” which have taken on a life of their own in digital culture.
In 2007, he was ranked No. 40 in Empire magazine’s The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time list, and was placed No. 37 in Premiere’s 100 Most Powerful People in Hollywood in 2008. More recently, he was voted one of the 50 greatest actors of all time in a 2022 readers’ poll by Empire magazine, demonstrating his enduring appeal and influence.
“Any casual observer can see that Cage is entertaining, charismatic and wildly flamboyant. He is clearly attracted to grotesque characters and is celebrated for his wild and unhinged approach to them. He has the presence of a leading man, and the eccentricities of a character actor.”
As Nicolas Cage continues to evolve as an actor, his legacy seems increasingly secure. From his early decision to forge his own path as Nicolas Cage rather than rely on the Coppola name, to his Oscar-winning dramatic performances, blockbuster action roles, and recent critical renaissance, he has demonstrated remarkable resilience and artistic integrity. His willingness to reinvent himself while maintaining his distinctive approach to acting ensures that, whatever the future holds, Nicolas Cage will remain one of cinema’s most fascinating and unpredictable talents.
Recent Projects and Future Directions
In recent years, Nicolas Cage has entered a new phase of his career, taking on roles that showcase his range while allowing him to explore new creative territories. In July 2024, he starred as the titular serial killer in the horror thriller film “Longlegs,” which he also produced. The film received positive reviews and demonstrated Cage’s continuing ability to deliver compelling performances in genre films.
In August 2024, Cage signed on to play legendary gridiron football coach and broadcaster John Madden in the Amazon MGM Studios film “Madden,” representing another biographical challenge for the versatile actor. This role will allow him to transform into a beloved American sports figure, further showcasing his chameleonic abilities.
Looking ahead to 2026, Cage will headline the television series “Spider-Noir” for MGM+ and Amazon Prime Video, portraying a live-action version of Spider-Man Noir, named Ben Reilly, in an alternate 1930s New York City. This project builds on his voice work as the character in “Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse” (2018) and represents his first major television series role.
He is also set to reprise his voice role as Spider-Man Noir in “Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse” (2027), continuing his involvement with the acclaimed animated franchise. Additionally, Cage will return to one of his most successful characters, reprising his role as arms dealer Yuri Orlov in “Lords of War,” the sequel to the 2005 film “Lord of War.”
In December 2023, Cage suggested that he might be nearing the end of his film career, stating he has “maybe three or four more movies left.” While this may or may not prove to be the case, it reflects his desire to be more selective with roles following decades of prolific output. With his debts now paid off and his critical standing restored, Cage appears to be focusing on quality over quantity, choosing projects that genuinely interest him rather than taking roles out of financial necessity.
Whatever direction his career takes in the coming years, Nicolas Cage has already secured his place as one of the most distinctive and memorable actors of his generation. From Nicolas Coppola to Nicolas Cage, from early promise to Oscar glory, from action stardom to direct-to-video proliferation, and finally to critical renaissance, his journey represents one of Hollywood’s most fascinating career trajectories.
Conclusion: The Enduring Legacy of Nicolas Coppola
The journey from Nicolas Kim Coppola to Nicolas Cage represents one of Hollywood’s most remarkable transformations. By deliberately stepping away from his famous family name, he embarked on a path defined by artistic risk-taking, unconventional choices, and an unwavering commitment to his unique vision of acting.
Throughout his career spanning over four decades, Cage has defied easy categorization. He has been a critical darling, winning an Academy Award for “Leaving Las Vegas”; a box office titan in films like “The Rock” and “National Treasure”; an experimental artist in collaborations with directors like David Lynch and the Coen brothers; and a cult figure whose performances have inspired both admiration and parody.
What sets Cage apart is not just his willingness to take risks but his development of a distinctive acting philosophy—Nouveau Shamanic—that has expanded the possibilities of screen performance. As director David Lynch observed, he is “the jazz musician of American acting,” bringing improvisation, intensity, and unexpected choices to every role.
Despite financial setbacks that led to a period of prolific but uneven output, Cage has experienced a remarkable critical renaissance in recent years. Films like “Mandy,” “Pig,” and “The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent” have reminded audiences and critics of his exceptional talent and unique screen presence.
As Nicolas Cage continues to evolve as an actor, taking on new challenges while remaining true to his artistic instincts, his legacy as one of cinema’s most fascinating and unpredictable talents seems increasingly secure. From the young man who changed his name to forge his own path to the respected veteran who has earned his place in film history, Nicolas Coppola’s transformation into Nicolas Cage stands as a testament to the power of artistic reinvention and the courage to follow one’s own distinctive vision.
Explore the World of Nicolas Cage
Discover more about Nicolas Cage’s extraordinary career by watching his most acclaimed performances, from his Oscar-winning role in “Leaving Las Vegas” to his recent renaissance in films like “Pig” and “The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent.”
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